STJ nega recurso e vota a favor da prisão de Lula
Lula foi condenado a doze anos e um mês de prisão acusado de vários crimes. / Foto: reprodução
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:
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"Times New Roman";color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-fareast-language:PT-BR">A Quinta Turma do Superior Tribunal de Justiça (STJ) negou nesta terça-feira (06/03), por unanimidade, um habeas corpus preventivo ao ex-presidente Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva. No pedido, Lula pretendia evitar sua prisão após esgotados na segunda instância da Justiça Federal os recursos contra sua condenação no caso do triplex no Guarujá (SP).</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:
justify;line-height:normal;background:white;vertical-align:baseline"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New Roman";color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-fareast-language:PT-BR"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:
justify;line-height:normal;background:white;vertical-align:baseline"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New Roman";color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-fareast-language:PT-BR">Dessa maneira, o colegiado confirmou decisão de janeiro proferida pelo vice-presidente do STJ, ministro Humberto Martins, que havia negado liminar (decisão provisória) pedida no mesmo habeas corpus.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:
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"Times New Roman";color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-fareast-language:PT-BR"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:
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"Times New Roman";color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-fareast-language:PT-BR">A decisão do STJ não resulta na prisão imediata de Lula, que ainda tem um último recurso na segunda instância, embora se trate de um embargo de declaração, tipo de apelação que, em tese, não permite a reforma da condenação, mas somente o esclarecimento de dúvidas na sentença.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:
justify;line-height:normal;background:white;vertical-align:baseline"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New Roman";color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-fareast-language:PT-BR"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:
justify;line-height:normal;background:white;vertical-align:baseline"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New Roman";color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-fareast-language:PT-BR">“No meu entendimento não se vislumbra a existência de qualquer ilegalidade de que o paciente venha porventura iniciar o cumprimento da pena após o esgotamento dos recursos em segundo grau”, afirmou o relator do habeas corpus, ministro Felix Fischer.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:
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"Times New Roman";color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-fareast-language:PT-BR">O ministro citou diversos precedentes do STJ e do Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF) nos quais se permitiu a execução provisória de pena após condenação em segunda instância, mesmo que ainda caibam recursos às cortes superiores.</span></p>
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"Times New Roman";color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-fareast-language:PT-BR"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:
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"Times New Roman";color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-fareast-language:PT-BR">Presidente da Quinta Turma, o ministro Reynaldo Soares da Fonseca admitiu que o STJ tem sim a prerrogativa de suspender a execução de pena, mas que isso não poderia ser feito em um habeas corpus, mas somente em recurso especial, impetrado após esgotados os recursos em segunda instância.</span></p>
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"Times New Roman";color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-fareast-language:PT-BR"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:
justify;line-height:normal;background:white;vertical-align:baseline"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New Roman";color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-fareast-language:PT-BR">Os ministros Jorge Mussi, Ribeiro Dantas e Joel Ilan Paciornik também votaram contra o habeas corpus preventivo de Lula. O entendimento prevalecente foi o de que o STJ não poderia suspender uma prisão enquanto resta recurso pendente de julgamento na segunda instância, sob pena de suprimir instância.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:
justify;line-height:normal;background:white;vertical-align:baseline"><strong><span style="font-size:12.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New Roman";color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;
mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0cm;padding:0cm;mso-fareast-language:PT-BR"> </span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:
justify;line-height:normal;background:white;vertical-align:baseline"><strong><span style="font-size:12.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New Roman";color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;
mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0cm;padding:0cm;mso-fareast-language:PT-BR">Defesa x acusação</span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:
justify;line-height:normal;background:white;vertical-align:baseline"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New Roman";color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-fareast-language:PT-BR"><br />
No início da sessão desta terça-feira, o advogado Sepúlveda Pertence, que representa Lula, argumentou que a Oitava Turma do Tribunal Regional Federal da 4ª Região (TRF4), responsável por confirmar a condenação do ex-presidente, errou ao citar um precedente do Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF) para embasar a determinação de que ele seja preso após esgotados os recursos em segunda instância.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:
justify;line-height:normal;background:white;vertical-align:baseline"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New Roman";color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-fareast-language:PT-BR"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:
justify;line-height:normal;background:white;vertical-align:baseline"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New Roman";color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-fareast-language:PT-BR">Para Pertence, o julgamento de 2016 no qual o plenário do STF abriu a possibilidade de execução de pena após condenação em segunda instância seria aplicável àquele caso específico, não vinculando outros processos, razão pela qual o TRF4 falhou ao fundamentar sua determinação.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:
justify;line-height:normal;background:white;vertical-align:baseline"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New Roman";color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-fareast-language:PT-BR"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:
justify;line-height:normal;background:white;vertical-align:baseline"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New Roman";color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-fareast-language:PT-BR">O subprocurador-geral da República Francisco Sanseverino rebateu o argumento, alegando que o julgamento do STF não é vinculante, mas serve como precedente para que juízes de todo o país possam embasar suas próprias decisões.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:
justify;line-height:normal;background:white;vertical-align:baseline"><strong><span style="font-size:12.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New Roman";color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;
mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0cm;padding:0cm;mso-fareast-language:PT-BR"> </span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:
justify;line-height:normal;background:white;vertical-align:baseline"><strong><span style="font-size:12.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New Roman";color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;
mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0cm;padding:0cm;mso-fareast-language:PT-BR">Condenação</span></strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New Roman";color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-fareast-language:PT-BR"><br style="mso-special-character:line-break" />
<br style="mso-special-character:line-break" />
</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:
justify;line-height:normal;background:white;vertical-align:baseline"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New Roman";color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-fareast-language:PT-BR">Lula foi condenado em 12 de julho de 2017 pelo juiz Sérgio Moro, da 13ª Vara Federal de Curitiba, que considerou o ex-presidente culpado de receber vantagens indevidas da empreiteira OAS, no caso envolvendo um apartamento triplex no Guarujá. Poucos dias depois, a defesa do ex-presidente recorreu à segunda instância, o Tribunal Regional da 4ª Região (TRF4), com sede em Porto Alegre.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:
justify;line-height:normal;background:white;vertical-align:baseline"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New Roman";color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-fareast-language:PT-BR"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:
justify;line-height:normal;background:white;vertical-align:baseline"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New Roman";color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-fareast-language:PT-BR">A Oitava Turma do TRF4 julgou a apelação em 24 de janeiro. Por 3 votos a 0, o colegiado manteve a condenação por corrupção e lavagem de dinheiro, e ainda aumentou a pena, de 9 anos e 6 meses de prisão para 12 anos e 1 mês em regime fechado.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:
justify;line-height:normal;background:white;vertical-align:baseline"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New Roman";color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-fareast-language:PT-BR"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:
justify;line-height:normal;background:white;vertical-align:baseline"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New Roman";color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-fareast-language:PT-BR">No julgamento, os desembargadores do TRF4 determinaram que, de acordo com o entendimento atual do STF, Lula deveria começar a cumprir sua pena provisoriamente, logo após o esgotamento de seus recursos na segunda instância, mesmo que ainda hajam apelações pendentes em cortes superiores.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:
justify;line-height:normal;background:white;vertical-align:baseline"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New Roman";color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-fareast-language:PT-BR"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:
justify;line-height:normal;background:white;vertical-align:baseline"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New Roman";color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-fareast-language:PT-BR">Como a decisão do TRF4 foi unânime, coube aos advogados do ex-presidente protocolarem na segunda instância apenas o chamado embargo de declaração, tipo de recurso que não tem a prerrogativa de reformar a condenação, mas somente esclarecer contradições ou obscuridades no texto da sentença. A previsão é que esta apelação seja julgada até o final de abril.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:
justify;line-height:normal;background:white;vertical-align:baseline"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New Roman";color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-fareast-language:PT-BR"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:
justify;line-height:normal;background:white;vertical-align:baseline"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New Roman";color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-fareast-language:PT-BR">Ontem (5), o MPF entregou no TRF4 parecer em que pediu a rejeição do recurso do ex-presidente e reiterou a solicitação para que ele seja preso logo após o julgamento da apelação.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:
justify;line-height:normal;background:white;vertical-align:baseline"><strong><span style="font-size:12.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New Roman";color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;
mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0cm;padding:0cm;mso-fareast-language:PT-BR"> </span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:
justify;line-height:normal;background:white;vertical-align:baseline"><strong><span style="font-size:12.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New Roman";color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;
mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0cm;padding:0cm;mso-fareast-language:PT-BR">Segunda instância</span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:
justify;line-height:normal;background:white;vertical-align:baseline"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New Roman";color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-fareast-language:PT-BR"><br />
Paralelamente aos recursos no TRF4 e ao habeas corpus preventivo no STJ, a defesa de Lula tenta evitar a prisão dele por meio de outro habeas corpus impetrado no Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF). Ao receber o pedido de liberdade, o ministro Edson Fachin, relator do pedido na Corte, resolveu não proferir decisão monocrática, enviando o processo para julgamento pelo plenário.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:
justify;line-height:normal;background:white;vertical-align:baseline"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New Roman";color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-fareast-language:PT-BR"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:
justify;line-height:normal;background:white;vertical-align:baseline"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New Roman";color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-fareast-language:PT-BR">Depende da ministra Cármen Lúcia, presidente do STF, pautar ou não o habeas corpuspreventivo de Lula para julgamento em plenário. Ela tem sofrido pressão de outros ministros da Corte. Na semana passada, por exemplo, a Segunda Turma do Supremo enviou a plenário outros dois habeas corpus sobre o mesmo assunto: pessoas que querem garantida a liberdade após condenação em segunda instância.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:
justify;line-height:normal;background:white;vertical-align:baseline"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New Roman";color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-fareast-language:PT-BR"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:
justify;line-height:normal;background:white;vertical-align:baseline"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New Roman";color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-fareast-language:PT-BR">A possibilidade de execução provisória de pena após condenação em segunda instância foi o entendimento prevalecente do STF até 2009, quando, numa reviravolta, o Supremo passou a considerar ser necessário o esgotamento de todos os recursos possíveis, o chamado trânsito em julgado, antes da prisão. Em 2016, entretanto, a Corte mudou novamente sua postura, voltando ao entendimento inicial.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:
justify;line-height:normal;background:white;vertical-align:baseline"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New Roman";color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-fareast-language:PT-BR"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:
justify;line-height:normal;background:white;vertical-align:baseline"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New Roman";color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-fareast-language:PT-BR">O tema voltou a ser alvo de controvérsia no Supremo após decisões monocráticas conflitantes sobre a segunda instância nos últimos meses. Alguns ministros, como Celso de Mello, o mais antigo do STF, passaram a defender abertamente que o plenário volte a julgar a questão, indo de encontro a indicações de Cármen Lúcia de que não pretende pautar o assunto.</span></p>